Overall, good posts for scholarly resources on animals.
A few of you seem to have misunderstood the assignment as it relates to abstracts. See for example my comment on Joshua Hopkin's blog post.
I tracked down Joshua's source on Academic Search Premier and posted the abstract in the comment. Locating and understanding abstracts will be more important when you take 0802, but it's good to be able to identify them before you begin research next semester.
Sunday, October 17, 2010
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
On Animals- Devon Golde
Cherry, Elizabeth. Shifting Symbolic Boundaries: Cultural Strategies of the Animal Rights Movement.Sociological Forum.
How do activists create cultural change? Scholars have investigated the development and maintenance of collective identities as one avenue for cultural change, but to understand how activists foster change beyond their own movements, we need to look at activists’ strategies for changing their targets’ mindsets and actions. Sociologists need to look at activists’ boundary work to understand both the wide-sweeping goals and strategies that activists enact to generate broad-based cultural changes. Using data from participant observation and interviews with animal rights activists in France and the United States, and drawing on research on ethnic boundary shifting, I show how activists used two main strategies to shift symbolic boundaries between humans and animals, as well as between companion and farm animals—(1) they blur boundaries through focusing and universalizing strategies and (2) they cross boundaries physically, discursively, and iconographically. This study contributes a new theoretical and empirical example to the cultural changes studied by scholars of social movements, and it also provides a useful counterpoint to studies of symbolic boundary construction and maintenance in the sociology of culture.
How do activists create cultural change? Scholars have investigated the development and maintenance of collective identities as one avenue for cultural change, but to understand how activists foster change beyond their own movements, we need to look at activists’ strategies for changing their targets’ mindsets and actions. Sociologists need to look at activists’ boundary work to understand both the wide-sweeping goals and strategies that activists enact to generate broad-based cultural changes. Using data from participant observation and interviews with animal rights activists in France and the United States, and drawing on research on ethnic boundary shifting, I show how activists used two main strategies to shift symbolic boundaries between humans and animals, as well as between companion and farm animals—(1) they blur boundaries through focusing and universalizing strategies and (2) they cross boundaries physically, discursively, and iconographically. This study contributes a new theoretical and empirical example to the cultural changes studied by scholars of social movements, and it also provides a useful counterpoint to studies of symbolic boundary construction and maintenance in the sociology of culture.
On animals
Wynne Clive, "Some We Love, Some We Hate, Some We Eat: Why It's So Hard to Think Straight About Animals." Our conflict relationship with animals
I think some people become involved in social movements because of personal experiences with friends, family members, associates, etc. Others don't become involved in these movement because it doesn't mean much to them because they haven't really experienced it, or know someone who has. If knew someone who had cancer, it would make more want to join a cancer movement even more because of that person. However, if I didn't know anyone who had cancer, I'm not saying I wouldn't join the movement but I would be less encouraged to join. Having that experience with someone who has cancer is the extra push that would make me join the movement.
I think some people become involved in social movements because of personal experiences with friends, family members, associates, etc. Others don't become involved in these movement because it doesn't mean much to them because they haven't really experienced it, or know someone who has. If knew someone who had cancer, it would make more want to join a cancer movement even more because of that person. However, if I didn't know anyone who had cancer, I'm not saying I wouldn't join the movement but I would be less encouraged to join. Having that experience with someone who has cancer is the extra push that would make me join the movement.
On Animals
Cochrane, Alasdair, "ownership and Justice for Animals." Utilitas.
People get involved in social movements mostly for personal reasons. Sometimes it may depend on a personal experience or just a personality. An experience can be significant no matter the age and may be enough to inspire a person to do something about it or "move". Other times a person may be inspired by their surroundings (peers, wildlife, etc.) to react to situations a certain way. Sometimes curiosity has a major role. An individual might think a certain way because of the effort they put into their research. The one thing that is key for anyone to be a part of a movement is motivation. Although not always obvious there are plenty of ways to trigger it.
People get involved in social movements mostly for personal reasons. Sometimes it may depend on a personal experience or just a personality. An experience can be significant no matter the age and may be enough to inspire a person to do something about it or "move". Other times a person may be inspired by their surroundings (peers, wildlife, etc.) to react to situations a certain way. Sometimes curiosity has a major role. An individual might think a certain way because of the effort they put into their research. The one thing that is key for anyone to be a part of a movement is motivation. Although not always obvious there are plenty of ways to trigger it.
On Animals
Although there has been much research on the connection between nonhumananimal cruelty/abuse and domestic violence, the link between nonhuman animalcare and domestic violence has received less attention. This study, based on responses from 477 college students in New Providence, The Bahamas, indicates that the presence of domestic violence in homes is linked with the level of care and the prevalence of negative interactions with dogs. Dogs received 10 or more of 11 components of essential care in 58.0% of homes without domestic violence compared with 43.7% in homes with domestic violence. A dog was reported being physically injured in 6.8% of homes when domestic violence was absent and in 13.6% of homes when domestic violence was present. The study suggests that in homes with domestic violence, dogs as well as people are at higher risk of intentional harm and/or neglect.
Liam Bradley
"On Animals"
Why do some people and not others become involved in social movements?
Some people do not get involved in social movements because they do not believe strongly enough to take action. Others feel even if everyone gets involved the problem will not be resolved. If enough people stand up for cause then all will fallow. This happened in Ukraine “The Orange Revolution” in 2004 the presidential elections were rigged and a Russian communist was suppose to come to power. But Ukrainians came together and started a revolution, everyone was part of it, from children to great grandparents. The movement was able to stop this abuse of power and Ukraine got the president that they wanted. I believe if a great cause is brought up everyone will stand behind it to make a change.
Marcia Clemmit “Animal Rights” The CQ Researcher • January 8, 2010 • Volume 20, Number 1
Animal rights are growing in America, people are starting to look at animals as part of a family, some even live property and money for their pets, on their will. Billions of animals are still slaughtered each year. All who depend on using and killing animals such as researchers and food industry are “fighting back against what they call overblown concerns about animal rights.” Last year in Ohio, voters overwhelmingly approved laws that prevent animal cruelty applying to the agriculture industry.
Some people do not get involved in social movements because they do not believe strongly enough to take action. Others feel even if everyone gets involved the problem will not be resolved. If enough people stand up for cause then all will fallow. This happened in Ukraine “The Orange Revolution” in 2004 the presidential elections were rigged and a Russian communist was suppose to come to power. But Ukrainians came together and started a revolution, everyone was part of it, from children to great grandparents. The movement was able to stop this abuse of power and Ukraine got the president that they wanted. I believe if a great cause is brought up everyone will stand behind it to make a change.
Marcia Clemmit “Animal Rights” The CQ Researcher • January 8, 2010 • Volume 20, Number 1
Animal rights are growing in America, people are starting to look at animals as part of a family, some even live property and money for their pets, on their will. Billions of animals are still slaughtered each year. All who depend on using and killing animals such as researchers and food industry are “fighting back against what they call overblown concerns about animal rights.” Last year in Ohio, voters overwhelmingly approved laws that prevent animal cruelty applying to the agriculture industry.
On Animals
Adrian Franklin. "Animals and modernity: changing human-animal relations" Journal of Sociology
In this article we provide an empirical test of Franklin's (1999) recent contribution to the burgeoning study of human–animal relations. Drawing on the anthropological claim that animals are good to think with, Franklin used theories of reflexive modernization to explain a shift to increasingly zoocentric and sentimentalized relations with animals. After deriving a series of expectations from this account, we tested them through a content-analysis of over 1000 articles from one Australian newspaper over a 50-year period. Broadly, we found support for Franklin's key claims. But we also found local contingencies and historical continuities which suggest limits to the sweeping theorizations of change in accounts of reflexive modernization.
Citations:
Adrian F. Animals and modernity: changing human-animal relations, 1949-98. Journal of Sociology. September 2001;37(3):219-238. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 12, 2010.
On Animals
Wendy Atkins-Sayre, "Western Journal of Communication; May/Jun2010, Vol. 74 Issue 3," p309-328, 20p, Articulating Identity: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and the Animal/Human Divide.
On Animals
Ostermeier, Mark, "Military Medicine: Vol.175 Issue 8" History of Guide Dog Use by Veterans
Seeing eye dogs are main helpers in the disabled community. Nowadays, they not only help the blind, but can help those that are paralyzed by doing task not able to be performed by their owner. The first establishment for guide dogs was in Germany after World War I to assist the war veterans that were blinded during war. Americans adopted this method of training dogs to assist the disabled.
Seeing eye dogs are a great example of humans and animals working together in the world. Dogs were once wild animals that descended from wolves, but now they trained and taught by some to help others. There was a man that had a seeing eye dog near my high school and Ive seen this dog open a door, stop at a red light and go on a green light, warn the owner of upcoming obstacles (steps, curbs, and ramps). The dog remains calm and is always working to assist its owner.
-Austin Richardson
Seeing eye dogs are main helpers in the disabled community. Nowadays, they not only help the blind, but can help those that are paralyzed by doing task not able to be performed by their owner. The first establishment for guide dogs was in Germany after World War I to assist the war veterans that were blinded during war. Americans adopted this method of training dogs to assist the disabled.
Seeing eye dogs are a great example of humans and animals working together in the world. Dogs were once wild animals that descended from wolves, but now they trained and taught by some to help others. There was a man that had a seeing eye dog near my high school and Ive seen this dog open a door, stop at a red light and go on a green light, warn the owner of upcoming obstacles (steps, curbs, and ramps). The dog remains calm and is always working to assist its owner.
-Austin RichardsonOn Animals
- Bekoff, Marc, "Increasing Our Compassion Footprint: The Animals' Manifesto" Zygon: Journal of Religion & Science
*Unfortunately my user name was not changed, so just to keep things clear this is Cenah's post. Thank you!
On Animals
Deane-Drummond, Celia, "Are Animals Moral? A Theological Appraisal of the Evolution of Vice and Virtue" Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science
I discuss controversial claims about the status of non-human animals as moral beings in relation to philosophical claims to the contrary. I address questions about the ontology of animals rather than ethical approaches as to how humans need to treat other animals through notions of, for example, animal rights. I explore the evolutionary origins of behavior that can be considered vices or virtues and suggest that Thomas Aquinas is closer to Darwin's view on nonhuman animals than we might suppose. An appreciation of the complexity of the emotional lives of social animals and their cooperative behaviors in light of the work of animal ethologists such as Frans de Waal and Marc Bekoff suggests that social animals can be considered moral in their own terms. I discuss the charge of anthropomorphism, drawing on the work of archaeologist Steven Mithen, and consider arguments for the evolution of conscience in the work of anthropologist Christopher Boehm. Only the biological basis for the development of conscience and religion has evolved in nonhuman animals, and this should not be confused with sophisticated moral systems of analysis or particular religious beliefs found in the human community.
Oliver, Kelly, "Animal Ethics: Toward an Ethics of Responsiveness" Research in Phenomenology
Abstract: The concepts of animal, human, and rights are all part of a philosophical tradition that trades on foreclosing the animal, animality, and animals. Rather than looking to qualities or capacities that make animals the same as or different from humans, I investigate the relationship between the human and the animal. To insist, as animal rights and welfare advocates do, that our ethical obligations to animals are based on their similarities to us reinforces the type of humanism that leads to treating animals—and other people—as subordinates. But, if recent philosophies of difference are any indication, we can acknowledge difference without acknowledging our dependence on animals, or without including animals in ethical considerations. Animal ethics requires rethinking both identity and difference by focusing on relationships and responsivity. My aim is not only to suggest an animal ethics but also to show how ethics itself is transformed by considering animals.
Abstract: The concepts of animal, human, and rights are all part of a philosophical tradition that trades on foreclosing the animal, animality, and animals. Rather than looking to qualities or capacities that make animals the same as or different from humans, I investigate the relationship between the human and the animal. To insist, as animal rights and welfare advocates do, that our ethical obligations to animals are based on their similarities to us reinforces the type of humanism that leads to treating animals—and other people—as subordinates. But, if recent philosophies of difference are any indication, we can acknowledge difference without acknowledging our dependence on animals, or without including animals in ethical considerations. Animal ethics requires rethinking both identity and difference by focusing on relationships and responsivity. My aim is not only to suggest an animal ethics but also to show how ethics itself is transformed by considering animals.
On Animals
Russell, Nerissa, "Navigating the Human-Animal Boundary." Reviews in Anthropology
Abstract: Animals have long figured in anthropology, but human-animal relations have come into focus in recent decades. The topic links anthropology's sub-disciplines by exploring the biological and cultural nature of both humans and animals in the past and present, as well as articulating with some similar concerns in other disciplines. While anthropology is defined in terms of the separation of humans from animals, this explanation exposes the permiability of the human-animal boundary, transcended by thinking animals, bestial anscestors, and transpecies empathy.
Abstract: Animals have long figured in anthropology, but human-animal relations have come into focus in recent decades. The topic links anthropology's sub-disciplines by exploring the biological and cultural nature of both humans and animals in the past and present, as well as articulating with some similar concerns in other disciplines. While anthropology is defined in terms of the separation of humans from animals, this explanation exposes the permiability of the human-animal boundary, transcended by thinking animals, bestial anscestors, and transpecies empathy.
On Animals
The reasons why some people become involved in socials movements and others do not is simple. The reasons are centered around culture, social stature, and climate. These are some of the essentials main ingredients that differentiate people, one from another, and why one person would choose to join a social movement, and not the other.
Culture has to do with the environment a person was raised in. For example Micheal Vick with the dog fighting. Vick grew up in a culture was dog fighting was a sport and accepted, almost the norm but, as a general public dog fighting is scrutinized and looked down upon. Vick, at first, saw nothing wrong with this practice because it has been something that has been apart of his lifestyle for his whole life.
Next, is social stature or position in society. I feel people that are not as high in society hence like middle class would be much more likely to join social movements as would a person who has money on money and is living the "high life". This is because people in the middle class have a lot of similarities, common goals, and are much more bound together, as they must be to survive. Therefore, they would be much more likely to have common views and perspectives on certain things, thus, the reason for social movements.
Also, climate will have an effect on who or who doesn't join a social movement. People that live in a extremely hot climate that is getting hotter and hotter will be much more likely to join the global warming movement. As well as someone who livelihood depend on a fur trade of sorts in a colder climate would not be the ones to join the PETA movement against exploiting animals.
Citattions:
Jones,Pattrice, "Toward an inclusive, embodied eco/feminist psychology":Feminism & Psychology. Vol.20, Issue 3.
Culture has to do with the environment a person was raised in. For example Micheal Vick with the dog fighting. Vick grew up in a culture was dog fighting was a sport and accepted, almost the norm but, as a general public dog fighting is scrutinized and looked down upon. Vick, at first, saw nothing wrong with this practice because it has been something that has been apart of his lifestyle for his whole life.
Next, is social stature or position in society. I feel people that are not as high in society hence like middle class would be much more likely to join social movements as would a person who has money on money and is living the "high life". This is because people in the middle class have a lot of similarities, common goals, and are much more bound together, as they must be to survive. Therefore, they would be much more likely to have common views and perspectives on certain things, thus, the reason for social movements.
Also, climate will have an effect on who or who doesn't join a social movement. People that live in a extremely hot climate that is getting hotter and hotter will be much more likely to join the global warming movement. As well as someone who livelihood depend on a fur trade of sorts in a colder climate would not be the ones to join the PETA movement against exploiting animals.
Citattions:
Jones,Pattrice, "Toward an inclusive, embodied eco/feminist psychology":Feminism & Psychology. Vol.20, Issue 3.
On Animals
Semeniuk, Christina A.D., Haider, Wolfgang, Cooper, Andrew, and Rothley, Kristina, "A linked model of animal ecology and human behavior for the management of wildlife tourism" Ecological Modelling
Why do some people and not others become involved in social movements?
People will become involved in a social movement when they feel that individual action is limited or ineffective for the effect desired of a certain directive. Social movements are taken either consciously or subconsciously so that the individual will feel they are a part of something. An individual can be a catalyst for any desired reaction, however, in most scenarios, and individual will resort to a mob mentality, where they feel they can only act as others are acting in one large movement. In this sense they lose their important individuality and are often caught up in a craze and lose sight of the original individual intent rooted in their self-interest and sustainment. A social movement is a non-descriptive, simple alternative to individual investment in a particular idea or desire.
Monday, October 11, 2010
On Animals
Helton, Nicole D. ; Helton, William S. , Physical size matters in the domestic dog's (Canis lupus familiaris) ability to use human pointing cues. Behavioural Processes; Sep2010, Vol. 85 Issue 1, p77-79, 3p
Abstract: While these tests are accurate to a degree, I believe that some of my experiences with dogs has varied. While sometimes the larger dogs can be more responsive, there have been instances where a larger dog was clueless as to what his owner was trying to signal him. My dog is small and he is not very good at signals either, but i think it is more of a matter of how the dog was raised and taught than the physical size of the dog. Depending on when these tests were done in the lifetime of the dogs taking part would be a deciding factor in the legitimacy of the test.
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